Tuesday, October 13, 2009
why i'm not a vegetarian
It's no small secret that meat, at least in the forms most commonly available to us, is unhealthy in a lot of ways: environmentally, socially, and even medically. America's relationship with meat is highly flawed. It starts with the fundamentally imbalanced role meat plays in our diets. Most of us grew up believing that every meal should include some form of meat. Meat, grain or starch, and vegetable is a pretty formulaic approach to dinner that many have a hard time moving past. I must admit that at a very basic subconscious level, there is something about the image of a plate with a steak, mashed potatoes, and a green vegetable like broccoli that just says "balance" to me.
But this idea of a formula for mealtime is unhealthy and incorrect. Every meal need not include some type of meat. Humans are designed to be omnivores. But just because we can eat meat alongside our vegetables and grains does not mean we absolutely have to. The nutritional requirements that meat fulfills, while important, hardly justify our culture's obsession with meat — particularly with regards to the portions we consume. A habit of lunching on 8-ounce burgers or sandwiches loaded with 3 kinds of deli meat followed by dinners of 10-ounce steaks is what makes obesity one of the largest (pun fully intended) problems facing our culture.
This reliance on meat as the foundation of the American diet isn't just bad for our health but it's bad for the environment. As Safron Foer mentions, most of the meat we consume comes from factory farms which have devastating ecological impacts. The factory farms themselves create massive amounts of waste that degrade the environment and the entire system is sustained by a supply of cheap grain (mostly corn) that is possible only because of a massive system of government subsidies complete with its own devastating social and environmental implications. Beyond relying on chemicals and fossil fuels to thrive, industrial farming of corn allows genetically modified super-seeds to exist as a monoculture that triumphs over nature. Fields that should be fertile and teeming with life are sterile and the only thing living in them is the corn.
Socially this is problematic too as the U.S. system of subsidies (along with those practiced by the E.U. and other developed nations) make it nearly impossible for small farmers in developing countries to compete in the international market. As a result of this, local agricultural systems and traditions all over the world are dying. Many developing nations are dependent upon cheap agricultural imports from the developed world. This sets the international system up for a devastating tragedy if anything should affect the massive monoculture-based systems of the world's largest food producing nations and alter the artificially low price of these staple grains.
We've already seen a little bit of this. The demands for corn to be used in ethanol production put stress on the amount of corn available for food causing corn prices to rise to heights that had not been seen in years. In our increasingly globalized world where what happens in one part of the world is closely linked to someplace far away, this caused a spike in the prices of all sorts of foods worldwide. The result of this was a series of food riots, none worse than the ones that eventually toppled the government of Haiti.
Bryan Walsh examines the negative effects of our reliance on cheap food in a recent piece for Time that I think does a good job of offering a look at the interconnected nature of the choices we make at meal time. Eating the cheap meat that is so unhealthy for us props up an agricultural system that is killing fish in the Gulf of Mexico, thereby undermining a crucial source of healthy protein. It's just one example of a vicious cycle.
All of this seems like a compelling reason to give up meat until you examine the problems present within our food system as they relate to produce and grains. While a one-shot solution to the problem of ethical eating like "stop eating meat" would be much easier, that is not really possible for several reasons.
First and foremost, very few people that stop eating meat go fully vegan. Which means that it becomes impossible to escape the ethical conundrum that comes along with non-meat animal products like dairy and eggs. Conditions on dairy farms and in egg houses are just as bad as the conditions for animals raised for their meat. Aside from the living conditions, dairy cows and egg laying hens also are fed the hormones and antibiotics that many people criticize industrial meat operations for using.
If a person gives up meat but continues to eat cheese, they are likely consuming a product made with rennet, which is an enzyme produced in the stomachs of mammals that helps them digest their mother's milk. Used in cheesemaking, rennet functions to help coagulate the milk and separate curds and whey. Most rennet used in modern cheese making comes from calf stomachs that are the by-product of veal production. So buying veal and buying cheese made with animal rennet are not that far apart on the ethical scale of avoiding cruelty to animals. While there are alternatives available and the ingredient labels of many cheeses (particularly at stores like Whole Foods) make clear whether animal or vegetable rennet was used, it's difficult to know in every case, particularly when eating out.
Even if you avoid dairy products and eggs, there are many issues with the fruits, vegetables and grain available to us that have heavy ethical implications. Perhaps most obvious is that conventional produce and grain is usually cultivated using large amounts of pesticides and fertilizers. The pesticides used to produce the perfect red delicious apples we see at the store have devastating implications for the environment. They often kill living things beyond the pests they are intended for such as birds or helpful insects. The fertilizers that make it possible to grow grains on the same plot of land year after year with high yields are fossil fuel intensive and are merely one more component of an industrial food system that is largely founded on oil.
Beyond the chemicals needed to grow these items, some of the produce and a lot of the grain we consume is the result of genetic manipulation. While this has been going on for centuries as farmers would carefully cross plant breeds to achieve better specimens, the agricultural biotechnology industry has taken this to levels never seen before. Tomatoes have been engineered with properties from the DNA of fish that allow them to last longer on the shelf. While that is scary enough (if there's fish DNA in your tomato, is it really still vegetarian?), the most disturbing trend in agricultural biotechnology is the engineering of seeds to be resistant to specific herbicides and pesticides. The primary advantage of these seeds is that you can blanket the land with chemicals to kill all life forms that threaten your crop and the only thing that is able to survive these deadly chemicals is the crop itself. That makes it possible for farmers to achieve staggering yields and to turn the process of farming into a sterile and highly mechanized endeavor.
But even looking past the environmental implications of produce and grains that are cultivated through introduction of deadly chemicals into the environment there is the issue of supporting the larger industrial agriculture system. There are a handful of companies that own the technologies for the seeds and they also own the technology for the chemicals. Buy genetically modified (GM) Round-up Ready soybean seeds from Monsanto and you can plant them and be assured that they will survive a blanket application of Monsanto's intensive herbicide, Round-up. This has created a system in which there are fewer but larger farms and, despite being owned by the farmers in theory, our food supply is largely under the control of a few large companies like Dow and Monsanto (the same people who brought us napalm and Agent Orange).
And while it would stand to reason that these companies would have a vested interest in the success of the American farmer, they really don't. Monsanto has sued farmers for saving seeds that they did not plant the previous year and using them the following year arguing that this violates the farmer's technology agreement with Monsanto. These companies have gone into developing nations, taken seed varieties that were created through hundreds of years of cross-breeding by farmers, patented the seeds, and, in many cases, sold these seeds back to farmers at a much higher price.
One way to avoid some of these issues is to buy foods made from non-GM ingredients. Many companies that refuse to use GM crops label their products to indicate that. Unfortunately, the US government (on the strong urging of the ag biotech industry's powerful lobby) has refused to require mandatory labeling for foods that contain GMOs (genetically modified organisms). USDA-certified organic foods are prohibited from containing GMOs so that's one outlet. But even organic food is laden with its own issues.
For one thing, many "organic" farms look very similar to "conventional" farms. While they may not be using the same pesticides and fertilizers, they do cultivate foods on a large scale. To do so without the use of pesticides often requires quite a lot of human labor, usually supplied by workers (often immigrants) who are poorly compensated and not always treated fairly.
Another problem with even organic produce is that one must still contend with the issue of food miles. Because we live in a culture that has us conditioned to be able to eat whatever we want whenever we want it, much of the food available to us in the produce aisle is grown quite far from where we are. Unless you live in the southern hemisphere, chances are the organic strawberries you're buying in November come from a place quite far away. And a number of exotic fruits and vegetables don't even come with local alternatives. As much as it pains me, I will never be able to eat a locally grown avocado. One of my favorite foods ever is incapable of being grown in the climate where I live and so I every time I pick one up at my grocery store in DC I am picking something up that has traveled many fossil fuel-consuming miles to me from California, Chile, Mexico or another warm climate where the trees thrive.
The way around this is to become a locavore and eat only items that were produced locally (although even within the locavore movement there is a lot of division on what the term "local" should include...how many miles away is local??) thereby also ensuring that you are eating within season. So by becoming an organic, locavore, vegan one can avoid a lot of the ethical issues associated with the simple question of "what's for dinner?"
But that is not where I am personally. I feel that if I can obtain meat, dairy, and eggs from locally-raised, humanely treated animals then the only thing difference between myself and a vegetarian is the question of whether or not it is ethically responsible to eat another living creature. Scientifically, humans can eat meat. We are designed as omnivores and have the capacity to chew, digest, and nutritionally profit from meat. Our bodies require a number of nutrients that are difficult to obtain without animal products (difficult, but not impossible). Ethically, however, that question is not so simple to answer. Some people feel it is wrong to kill and eat another living thing. Based on the structure of interactions among animals in the natural world (the food chain), I personally do not think that it's morally wrong to eat another animal.
Once a person has settled that issue for him/herself, the biggest reasons to become vegetarian center around how most of our meat is raised, its effects on the environment, and its effects on health. I think that a lot of those issues are handled by changing the amount and kind of meat one eats. My approach for the last several months has been to eat less meat and to be pickier about what I do eat. I will not have meat at every single meal. I may have it two days in a row but not for the next three days after that.
One way to ensure that I eat less meat is to be more vigilant about what kind of meat I buy. Making a commitment to buy only meat that was humanely and sustainably raised and, whenever possible, locally raised is an expensive and sometimes difficult lifestyle to follow. This means that, just because of the higher cost and more limited availability of meat that lives up to those standards, I buy a lot less meat to cook at home. Additionally, this fosters an attitude of appreciation for meat. Because eating meat happens less often and in smaller portions, it becomes easier to look at it as a treat and to remain conscious of everything that went into what's on my plate.
The same thing goes for produce. I try very hard to eat produce that was grown locally and in season. The easiest way to do this is to shop at the farmers' market. DC has a wealth of farmers' markets, including the year-round FRESHFARM market at Dupont Circle every Sunday and the farmers' stands open on Saturday and Sunday at Eastern Market. These markets offer local, seasonal produce and, in many cases, will also sell local meat, eggs, and dairy.
To bring back the point from earlier about appreciating what's on your plate, few things make this more possible than shopping regularly at the farmers' market. For one thing, you get to know the people who are growing your food. Additionally, as the seasons change, you can become excited about the foods that are available to you now that were not to be found just a few short weeks ago. Another great way to do this is to sign up for a CSA (community supported agriculture) share. A CSA share involves paying a set amount for a weekly box of produce (and some offer eggs and milk) from a local farm.
All of this is great information for eating at home but what to do when you eat out or when you're a guest at someone else's table? Well, this is where I think it all comes down to how you think about food and eating. For me, food is so much more than something that merely keeps us alive and functioning. I have always been taught that food is an experience. It's a sensory experience to be enjoyed and it's a social experience to be shared with friends and family. Most of my greatest memories involve food. And while I remember the food itself, what makes it memorable is the fact that it facilitated great moments with people I love. An extremely restrictive diet makes this difficult. That I may be more restrictive in the kind of foods I put on my table does not mean I cannot enjoy a meal that someone has asked me to take part in that may not conform to my specific ideals.
What all of this really comes down to is something that I think Michael Pollan explores very well in his book The Omnivore's Dilemma. In the book, Pollan examines a number of ways of eating — conventional industrial agriculture, large-scale organic agriculture, "beyond organic" (basically small local farms), and commitment to consuming only those items you grow, gather, or hunt yourself. He helps kill chickens on a farm near Staunton, VA in one chapter, hunts wild boar in another, "buys" a steer from a CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation) and follows it from calf to steak, grapples with the choice of whether or not to be a vegetarian over a dinner at a steakhouse, forages for local mushrooms, visits a large organic farm in California that produces much of the arugula and mesculun mix we find at the grocery store and much more. After all of this, the conclusion he comes to is to neither condemn nor affirm one way of eating over another.
He readily admits at the end of the book that, despite knowing everything that goes into it, he will likely consume food that is the product of industrial agriculture again. He acknowledges that, while fulfilling, eating only that which you grow, hunt, or gather yourself is not always practical for everyday living in our society. So what was the point of all that work examining the different ways to get dinner on the table? Pollan argues that the best approach is to always be mindful. Whether you are eating a Big Mac, a salad of organic arugula grown on a large farm and shipped many miles to your local Whole Foods, or a chicken from a local farm and seasonal vegetables, it is simply important that you know where your food comes from and what the act of eating it means to you and to the world at large.
It may sound like moral relativism, it may sound like an excuse to avoid making ethical food choices, but I think it's really a call to treat something so fundamental to our lives, food, with the same respectful consideration and thoughtful evaluation as we would the decision of buying a car or voting for a candidate. And after a lot of consideration, I find that I'm comfortable being an omnivore who knows my place in the food chain and endeavors to make the most ethical and responsible choices while still being able to enjoy the experiences and pleasure that food facilitates.
Thursday, July 16, 2009
anniversary reflections
Sunday, June 21, 2009
my boss, the tv star
Alright, well I haven't blogged in a while and it's because things have been a bit busy. Work has been busy, thanks to a lot of publicity, and personal stuff has kept me pretty occupied as well. However, I'm not here to get into too much of that tonight. What I am going to say relates to the publicity mentioned before. As noted on this blog earlier, Teddy Folkman, my boss and the Executive Chef of Granville's, was chosen as a finalist for Season Five of The Next Food Network Star. For those who may not be familiar, it's a reality cooking competition show where ten finalists compete for a chance to win their own show on the Food Network.
So I've been pretty silent on the subject thus far for a number of reasons. During the actual filming of the show (January-February 2009) I kept silent because I had to. Teddy told us he was going to be filming but we weren't able to say anything. It was all very hush-hush. Which, to be fair, made me feel kind of cool to be a bit of an insider on something that big. And since it's been made public, I've mostly just been biding my time, waiting for the show to air and to see how things play out.
There's been a lot of press to cover his appearance on the show from The Washington Post to Roll Call to numerous food blogs. Too much coverage to link to here so if you're really interested in reading all of that you can just google “Teddy Folkman” and “Next Food Network Star.” What is causing me to break my silence on the issue now is the reaction to the first three episodes of the show that have aired so far.
First of all, let me just say that I am OBVIOUSLY a very biased party with regards to any commentary on the show or the contestants. Of course I think Teddy is the best and of course I'm going to root for him. So I'm mostly going to avoid commenting on other contestants because that's not really my point. What I would like to talk about is the reactions I've been getting to how Teddy is on the show. And more importantly, how they mesh with the person I know, respect, and consider a friend and mentor. For those who don't know how I met Teddy or got started at Granville's I'll just refer back to an earlier post that explains how I got into the job I have now since that handles it. No need to rehash that here.
So far the general reactions I've heard have ranged from “He's cute” (very true), “He's REALLY hyper” (also very true), “He seems sort of arrogant” (only in the way that most chefs are and need to be), “He's like a cartoon” (well, maybe he is but I have never thought of him as cartoonish) and to the more recent “He seems like a jerk” (so so untrue). Before I delve into my thoughts on the show thus far, let me say that I cannot provide any knowledge about who won. I don't know. Teddy knows but can't tell me, or anyone else for that matter, and we've even tried to weasel info from his girlfriend after she's had some wine and she can't and won't tell either. So, that said, on to my ranting.
I think it's important for people to realize that Next Food Network Star, like any reality show, is extremely edited. The cameras roll a lot but we only get to see an extremely small percentage of that on our tv screens. Much like how every drunken sorority sister on The Real Word cannot possibly be that drunk or slutty all the time in real life, neither is everyone on a reality cooking show the same person you may be led to think they are based on the almighty power of editing. That's the caveat to everything...the overarching disclaimer, if you will.
Here's where the ranting starts. I really dislike reality tv for the most part. While it is occasionally fun to get sucked into some terrible reality show (I'm looking at you “Real Housewives of...”), generally I think that tv which operates on the fundamental premise that every person fits some sort of easily recognizable character archetype is bad tv. Sure this happens on sitcoms and dramas too but those shows aren't cloaking themselves in the self-righteous mantle of “reality.” The general disdain I feel for the edited snapshot of personality provided by reality tv only becomes amplified when the subject is something I'm passionate about (food and cooking) and someone I care about.
I will admit right here that a lot of the goofier things Teddy does on tv are true to real life. Talking to a sauce and saying “reeeeeduuuce pleeeaaase” is not out of character for him. In fact, I think I've heard that exact phrased uttered in our kitchen. Getting into the mind of a crab and begging to be used in a dish is also pretty par for the course. One of the first exposures I had to Teddy was a demo video he did for the Washingtonian food blog on making blue cheese mussels in which he said the mussels need time to open up and talk to each other and then wondered what mussels said to each other...and then said he thought it'd be cool to be a “mussel whisperer.” Those parts of his personality are all extremely true. He's a goofball. It's part of what made me love having the opportunity to be in the kitchen with him 3-4 days a week when I was first starting. When you stumble in the kitchen tired and possibly hungover, someone who can make you laugh (even if it's at them and not with them) is a welcome way to ease out of the early morning doldrums.
As for the extremely hyper (and some have called it spastic) behavior that has had some of the judges saying he seems like a used car salesman, I can say that that is also somewhat true. Teddy is an upbeat guy. I remember one evening when he and I were sitting at the bar after a prep shift and he was talking about some of the questions he had to fill out on one of the many questionnaires that the Food Network sent him. One question was the standard “How would your friends and family describe you?” He asked me what I would say and I thought for a minute and came up with, “Like a hamster on cocaine.”
The guy has energy. Infectious energy. I'm normally a high-strung head case but being in the kitchen calms me. The kitchen is the one place I've always been able to feel confident, happy, and at peace. Being in the kitchen with Teddy changes that. I'm still all of those things but the energy level is taken up a notch. Instead of just thinking about what to do with the figs I brought in, we would excitedly bounce ideas off each other. Neither of us likely finished a sentence and it was really sort of hectic-sounding but it was just a result of Teddy's infectious energy.
It's impossible not to get excited about food when talking to him. It has always been my favorite thing about being in the kitchen with Teddy. I'm already passionately in love with food but somehow being in that kitchen with someone else who's got that same love for it just makes it more special. The only thing I could equate it to is the feeling of being at home in my mom's kitchen talking food with her. And she's the person that taught me how to cook, taught me to love food, and is hugely responsible for my even being willing to tackle the crazy adventure of diving into a restaurant job with no professional cooking experience or culinary training. So that's really saying something about what it means to be around the guy.
So whether or not that translates as “annoying” or “fake” on tv is something I can't impartially judge. I do know that not one moment of the time I've spent with him talking about food or cooking it has ever felt forced or inauthentic. Maybe it's just something that takes some time to learn how to translate on screen.
The thing that has bothered me the most about the show so far is the issue of “integrity” that has come up in the two most recent episodes. I'm sure some will point out that the two contestants he's “thrown under the bus” have been women and deduce something misogynistic in his person. Well, I can go ahead and say that's 100% false based on my experience. As I've mentioned on this blog before and as I'm sure many people know, the world of professional kitchens is largely a boys' club. The key players are usually all men, the language is vulgar, and vulnerability or softness are not cherished qualities. It's a balls to the wall kind of place and you either learn how to stay under the radar and try to just keep afloat, you falter and crack under the pressure and stress of it, or you learn to dish it right back and show every one in there that you are a force to be reckoned with. That's just how it is.
Teddy is the exception. Make no mistake, I love all the guys I work with. But as one of two women currently working in our kitchen and the only one who works line shifts with the guys AND has slightly higher level of responsibility, I get my fair share of shit. Whether it's the comments when I come in wearing a tank top before I put on my chef jacket (because our kitchen is about a 1000 degrees in the summer) or the all-too-obvious jokes after someone asks how many (duck) breasts I have left, I deal with it all. Some days I handle it better than others. I can say the one person who's never made me feel like I'm any different because I lack a Y-chromosome is Teddy. Which is huge. Because, trust me, if the person in charge of the kitchen sets a misogynistic tone all those comments and jokes become SO much worse. Fortunately, I've never felt like I was judged by anything other than the food I'm putting out.
With that out of the way let me tackle the larger issue of character that has been raised on the show. There's a fair amount I can't say because it's not my story to tell but I can note that, as mentioned in the opening caveat, they can do wonders with editing. A lot of stuff doesn't make the cut. They edit for what is most entertaining and for what creates the most controversy. So there, I've gotten that out of the way.
To move on to what I personally think about Teddy's integrity, I can just say that anyone with any level of doubt or questioning about it should just move on, they won't find what they are looking for here. Does he call people out on things when he feels someone isn't pulling their weight? Absolutely. It's what you have to do as a chef. And that's the big difference between a chef and a “Food Network Star.” If you're a home cook you rarely have to call anyone out on “pulling their weight” because you're the only one pulling anything. Do I say this to demean home cooks? No. That's how I started. It's only by choice and Teddy's questionable judgement to take a chance on someone completely untested that I cook for a living now.
But I do feel it's important to realize that a chef's job in a kitchen is to make sure every cook is handling their station and doing the best work possible. Because if one person isn't, it can screw up the entire service...for EVERYONE. If you go down in flames on the grill station because you can't time your tickets or plate your dishes then you aren't the only person affected. And maybe that's the part of what Teddy means when he says he's “coming at you from the mind of a chef” that people are missing.
A good chef can recognize the weaknesses in cooks and will do one or both of the following: call them out on it and try to make them a better cook or just step in and do what needs to be done to get the dish out. If you're a great chef you can do both of those without crushing a struggling cook's spirit and while working with them in that moment and beyond to get them to where they need to be. Teddy does that better than pretty much anyone I know. He can be the asshole when he needs to but he's right there afterwards to talk to you about what you did wrong, what to do next time and to show you hands on how to take it to the next level. In fact, if there's anything missing from his “culinary point of view” I'd say that he hasn't mentioned his skill at and love of teaching. He's a born teacher. I already had pretty good food knowledge when I started but that doesn't mean that every day I worked with him I didn't learn 10 or 12 new things and a way to do something better.
Unfortunately I think that part of “the mind of a chef” doesn't really mesh well with a cooking competition. It's a really different environment and it's hard, I'm sure, to find the balance between being the graceful competitor and wanting to be the chef that doesn't want to see things go down in flames. Even if it's not your food and even if it will make you more likely to win, it's hard to watch something not get plated in time.
To speak more specifically to the recent episode, “the crying episode” as I call it, it's tough to get stuck with something you're not that into. Dessert is a big one. Anyone who watches Top Chef knows that most chefs groan when confronted with the challenge of dessert. Pastry chefs are people I admire a ton because I just don't know that I can do what they do. And when called upon to make a dessert I usually approach it with the mindset of just trying to do the safest thing I can and the thing that requires the least amount of actual baking. Because baking is the devil. Seriously, it strikes fear into the heart of good cooks everywhere. Those who can do both are truly to be respected.
So I get why he was less than enthusiastic about doing dessert and why he probably felt he deserved credit for the meatloaf more so than the dessert. It seems the meatloaf took a lot of time and a much heavier investment that left little time to deal with the dessert. And also, it's really hard to get psyched about doing something you generally don't enjoy.
Perhaps it came out the wrong way in the elimination portion of the show but I don't think it had anything to do with wanting to hurt a teammate or take undeserved credit. I think it was likely the reaction that most cooks would have: if I spent 50 out of 60 minutes making a meatloaf and 10 on a dessert, the meatloaf was my dish. Sure, you have to stick with what you said you would do even if it blows up in your face and so maybe it can be perceived as a lack of integrity that he tried to back out of that in front of the judges. However, I can say with every fiber of my being that dishonesty and betrayal are not who he is as a person and it's not something he regularly practices.
I suppose we'll see what happens as the show goes on. Hopefully things get better from here on out and I'm obviously rooting for the guy who gave me a chance to do what I love for a living to win the whole damn thing. But I just wanted to set the record straight, if only for the few who read this blog, about the Teddy Folkman I know.